Birmingham

    After London the second city in Britain is Birmingham. It has a populations of just over one million. It is a big industrial center producing jeweler  metal and, most important of all, cars. British Layland , the biggest car producers in the UK, employ thousands of people in the Birmingham area.
     Birmingham grew quickly after the industrial revolution in the eighteenth century because it was in the center of Britain with good communications and large supplise of coal and water. In the twentieth century it expanded even more and now it is a major European city. In the modern city center there is a huge shopping center called Bull Ring. Birmingham is also an important conference center and is only a short distance from Stratford-on-Avon, Shakespeares birthplace. The city`s name is often abbreviated to Brum and its inhabitants are called Brummies.
     Birmingham is a city of large immigrant population.Birmingham is a multiracial city and it also has a high student populations as there are two universities in the area.

Relay

   A  relay is a switching device for opening and closing one or more electrical circuits on receipt of an electrical signal.
    A simpel kind of relay consists of two parts, a switch in a highvoltage circuit which is operated by a spring loaded armature and a low voltage electro-magnetic  circuit.
    The electro-magnet comprises  a soft iron core shaped like a horseshoe. Each arm of the core has a coil wound around it. The coils are connected to each other and to a battery through an on/off switch.
   When the switch is closed, the electro-magnet is energized, and the armature is attached  towards it. This closes the contacts and enables the current to flow through the high voltage circuit. When the switch is opened, a spring pulls the armature away  from the magnet, and the contacts open again.

Stonehenge

   About 4600 years ago-or maybe more- the Stone age inhabitants of Britain started building an enormous stone structure. This structure is now called Stonehenge and is near Salisbury, in the South of England, about 2 hours west of london by car.
    The largest of the stonehenge stones weighs 50 tons, and the smallest weighs 5 tons. The people who presumably constructed Stonehenge werw very primitive indeed. They used no metal and their  tools were made only of stones, bone and wood. They lived in simple huts and they had not yet invented the wheel.
     They started to build Stonehenge in about 2600 BC. And probably finished it 600 years later. Thousands of the men and women were involved in the work. These primitive people usually spent all day, from sunrise to sunset, hunting, fishing and growing crops to stay alive.
    Why, then, did thay take time off to build this enormous structure, and how did they do it?
   The builders of Stonehenge couldn`t read or write, so they have left us no records of the work. Therefore we don’t know exactly how Stonehenge was built.

Mercedes-benz CL

   The large Mersedes-Benz Coupes have always had a special appeal, despite the fact that they are actually missing a bit: the upper B-pillar. This, however, is one of the strong points of the CL-Class Coupe. Its roof extends in an elegant arch from the windscreen to the rear, creating a breathtaking profile.
   The CL 600 is a model which offers plenty to enthuse about. This 12-cylinder Cl-Class takes luxury and advanced technology to their limits. And the 18-inch light-alloy wheels, with their V12 design, arent the only things that sparkle- theres also the V 12 biturbo engine, which delivers dream torque and output figures.
    The Cl 600 comes with an extensive range of standard equipment, including a nappa leather interior and wood trim. Even the roof liner is trimmed with Alcantara. Comfort features include multicontour backrests for the driver and front passenger, a garage door opener located in the interior mirror, and an electric sunblind for the rear window. The latest communication technology, including the electronic copilot, comand APS, the Bose surround system and a mobile phone, can also be found on board.
   If you want to relax, take a seat in the CL 600. The integral seats for the driver and front passenger have a multicontour backrest as standard. At the touch of a button, your back will be given a gentle massage.

The Wankel engine  

   The Wankel engine is a form of heat engine which has a rotary piston. In other words, instead of going up and down the Wankal piston rotates in the cylinder. Both cylinder and piston are quite different in the shape from those of conventional engines. The Wankel piston is triangular with curved sides and the cylinder is roughly oval in shape. The piston has an inner bore which is linked through a gear to the outputshaft.
     The piston thus forms three hook-shaped spaces between itself and the cylinder wall, wich very in size as the piston rotates. Fuel enters the cylinder through the inlet port when one of these spaces is increasing in size. The fuel trapped in this sectionn is then compressed by the turning piston and ingited by the sparking plug. The expanding gases subject the piston to a twisting moment which makes the piston revolve further until the exhaust gases escape through the exhaust port.
     The Wankel engine has many advantages over other conventional engines. Fewer moving parts are necessary because it produces a rotary movement without using a connecting rod and a crankshaft. Because of thus rotary movement it has no vibration. In addition it has no valves, it is smaller and lighter than conventional engines of the same power, and it runs economically on diesel and several other fuels. 

  Henry Ford

    Henry Ford was the first person to build cars which were cheap, strong and fast. He was able to sell millions of models because he ,, mass-produced,, them; that is, he made a great many cars exaetly the same type.
      Ford`s father hoped that his son would become a farmer, but the young man did not like the idea and went to Detroit where he worked as a mechanic. By the age of 29, in 1892, he had built his first car.
    However the first ,,mass-produced,, car in the world, the famous “Model T”, did not appear until 1908- five years later Ford had started his great Motor Company. This car proved to be so popular that it remained unchanged for twenty years. Since Ford`s time, mass production methods have become common in industry and have reduced the price of many articles which would otherwise be very expensive.